Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Report on International Issues in ther Hospitality Industry Essay

Report on International Issues in ther Hospitality Industry - Essay Example The competition has been intense like never before and the flow of information is regarded as the key decision making factor. The hospitality industry has also not been as exception either. The overall industry of hospitality has experienced paradigm shifts. As it happens with the service industry, the physical environment and the people have been instrumental for the growth and development of the companies that are into the hospitality industry. The other crucial factor that has been immensely important for the success of the companies in this industry has been the continuous research and innovation. The report studies the essence of innovation in the hospitality industry. There is a long pending debate upon the need and the essence of innovation in the hospitality industry. Many of the experts in the domain of hospitality industry are of the view that the increased focus upon the innovation enhances the cost by huge extent. According to them, the increased cost is no match for the rise in expected revenue and therefore, there is no point in focusing on continuous innovation. But the present day industry thinks in a different way altogether. As the industry has become too dynamic, the market leaders believe that it is no longer possible to meet the changing needs of the customer through the age old traditional methods. The three major factors that shape the need of innovation are as follows: The hotel managers often struggle to differentiate their products or services from that of their competitors. This is so because all the competing hotels produce and cater identical products and the services like lodging and fooding. The onus lies upon the individual hotels to present them in a differentiated way in front of the target group of customers and innovation facilitates the process. There is almost no doubt about the fact that the needs of the customers are changing fast. The life has become

Monday, October 28, 2019

Critically Evaluate The Operations Management Strategy Of Hard Rock Cafe Business Essay

Critically Evaluate The Operations Management Strategy Of Hard Rock Cafe Business Essay Introduction: Operations strategy is the collective concrete actions chosen, mandated, or stimulated by corporate strategy. It is, of course, implemented within the operations function. This operations strategy binds the various operations decisions and actions into a cohesive consistent response to competitive forces by linking firm policies, programs, systems, and actions into a systematic response to the competitive priorities chosen and communicated by the corporate or business strategy. In simpler terms, the operations strategy specifies how the firm will employ its operations capabilities to support the business strategy. Read more: Operations Strategy organization, system, examples, advantages, type, company, business, system, Key success factors, Distinctive competencies, Order winners/qualifiers, The need for an operations strategy http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Ob-Or/Operations-Strategy.html#ixzz183Y6GGZ7 The contents of all hard rock cafe operations management strategy is reflected in the strategic decision as follows: Design of Goods and Services. When customers come to the Hard Rock Cafe at any time, they have received excellent service. The Hard Rock Cafà ©s menu changes regularly to give customers the sense of taste and variety of food. The atmosphere is also frequently change over time. The products they sell are always best. For the design, creating products and services are organized and conducted by the three functions. These functions are really needed for the job not only producing products but also necessary for long-term survival of the business. Marketing: Not just providing products to consumers, Hard Rock Cafà © also know how to create demand and supply and service orders on a single product. Production / operation: On providing product delivery to the Hard Rock Cafà © where customers make orders when the customer needs and stay wherever the customer wants. Finance / Accounting: The supply of products to which customers are also simpler for customers to pay cash, and employees can get cash immediately to the bill from small orders, or customers can also use credit cards to pay for larger orders if necessary. Managing Quality Hard Rock cafe always attaches importance to product quality and service quality. In order for products and services better and better, they often set up surveys and solicit customers. This will also be integrated easily what customers like and dislike about products and their services, since there are additional changes to the better business to improve profitability. Process strategy Location strategies Layout of strategies Human resources Supply- chain Management Scheduling Maintenance - Operation Management strategy is the area concerned with the efficiency and effectiveness of the operation in support and development of the firms strategic goals. Other areas of concern to operations management include the design and operations of systems to provide goods and services. To put it succinctly, operations management is the planning, scheduling, and control of the activities that transform inputs (raw materials and labor) into outputs (finished goods and services). A set of recognized and well-developed concepts, tools, and techniques belong within the framework considered operations management. While the term operations management conjures up views of manufacturing environments, many of these concepts have been applied in service settings, with some of them actually developed specifically for service organizations. Operations management is also an academic field of study that focuses on the effective planning, scheduling, use, and control of a manufacturing or service firm and their operations. The field is a synthesis of concepts derived from design engineering, industrial engineering, management information systems, quality management, production management, inventory management, accounting, and other functions. The field of operations management has been gaining increased recognition over the last two decades. One major reason for this is public awareness of the success of Japanese manufacturers and the perception that the quality of many Japanese products is superior to that of American manufacturers. As a result, many businesses have come to realize that the operations function is just as important to their firm as finance and marketing. In concert with this, firms now realize that in order to effectively compete in a global market they must have an operations strategy to support the mission of the firm and its overall corporate strategy. Another reason for greater awareness of operations management is the increased application of operations management concepts and techniques to service operations. Finally, operations management concepts are being applied to other functional areas such as marketing and human resources. The term marketing/operations interface is often used. Read more: Operations Management strategy, levels, manager, model, business, History of operations management, What do operations managers do? http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Ob-Or/Operations-Management.html#ixzz17PkUiNy3 Evaluate the challenges posed by globalisation on the role of Operations Management in terms of facility location, cultural differences, distance working, the management of staff and supply chain vulnerability./ Ä Ãƒ ¡nh già ¡ nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng thà ¡ch thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ·t ra bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸i toà  n cà ¡Ã‚ ºu hà ³a và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  vai trà ² cà ¡Ã‚ »a hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  và ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ trà ­ cÆ ¡ sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸, khà ¡c bià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t văn hà ³a, là  m vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡c tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ « xa, quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ nhà ¢n vià ªn và   dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢n thÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng dà ¢y chuyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ n cung à ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©ng. In this context the Hard Rock Cafà © is a global company to provide the well being of society. These products take on a multitude of forms. These firms produce thousands of complex products every day- to be delivered as the customer ordered them and where the customer want them. Critically examine the contribution of Operations Management to a sustainable organisation in areas such as purchasing supply, transformation and logistics. Cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ±c kià ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™m tra sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ± Ä‘Ã ³ng gà ³p cà ¡Ã‚ »a hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ cho mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ chà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ n và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng trong cà ¡c lÄ ©nh và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ±c nhÆ ° mua và   cung cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥p, chuyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™n Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢i và   hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­u cà ¡Ã‚ ºn Apply project management techniques and methods to Operations Management design, development and implementation activities./ à p dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥ng quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ± à ¡n kà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¹ thuà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­t và   phÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng phà ¡p hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng thià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t kà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿, phà ¡t trià ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™n và   thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ±c hià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n Critically reflect on international transportation methods and their contribution to Operations efficiency./ Cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ±c phà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n à ¡nh và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  cà ¡c phÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng phà ¡p và ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­n tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £i quà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœc tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ và   Ä‘Ã ³ng gà ³p cà ¡Ã‚ »a hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™ hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng hià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡u quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ Evaluate the impact of risk management policies and techniques on Operations Management strategic and day to day activities./ Ä Ãƒ ¡nh già ¡ tà ¡c Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng cà ¡Ã‚ »a chà ­nh sà ¡ch quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ rà ¡Ã‚ »i ro và   cà ¡c kà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¹ thuà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­t và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n là ½ chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n lÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £c và   hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ±ng ngà  y. Evaluate the contribution of IT to supply chain efficiency and effectiveness/ Ä Ãƒ ¡nh già ¡ sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ± Ä‘Ã ³ng gà ³p cà ¡Ã‚ »a CNTT Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™ cung cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥p hià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡u quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ dà ¢y chuyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ n và   hià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡u quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ 10 Operation Management Strategy Decisions: Design of goods and services Managing Quality Process strategy Location strategies Layout of strategies Human resources Supply- chain Management Scheduling Maintenance Qs 2: In the light of the above, discuss the operations management challenges and opportunities for Hard Rock when considering an expansion of its business into Hanoi. Ans

Friday, October 25, 2019

Hawthorne Writing Style :: essays papers

Hawthorne Writing Style Nathaniel Hawthorne was a prominent early American Author who contributed greatly to the evolution of modern American literature. A New England native, Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts on July 4, 1804 and died on May 19, 1864 in New Hampshire. An avid seaman, Hawthorne^s father died in 1808 when Nathaniel Hawthorne was only a young child. After his father^s death, Hawthorne showed a keen interest in his father^s worldwide nautical adventures and often read the logbooks his father had compiled from sailing abroad. Hawthorne was a descendant of a long line of New England Puritans, which sparked his interest in the Puritan way of life. After he graduated from Bowdoin College in 1825, Hawthorne returned to his home in Salem were he began to write in semi-seclusion. Hawthorne published his first novel, Fanshawe in 1828. In 1839, Hawthorne was appointed weigher and gauger at the Boston Custom House. He later married Sophia Amelia Peabody in 1842. In the following years, Hawthorne wrote his more famous novels which shaped his own literary style, as well as the genres of the romance novel and short story. Eventually, Hawthorne developed a style of romance fiction representative of his own beliefs. Although Nathaniel Hawthorne^s writing style was often viewed as outdated when compared to modern literature, Hawthorne conveyed modern themes of psychology and human nature through his crafty use of allegory and symbolism. To begin with, Hawthorne^s style was commonplace for a writer of the nineteenth century. During the time period in which Hawthorne wrote, printing technology was not yet advanced enough to easily reproduce photographs in books. Therefore, Hawthorne frequently wrote lengthy visual descriptions since his audience had no other means to see the setting of the novel. (Magill:1 840). One example of such descriptions was in The Scarlet Letter when Hawthorne intricately describes the prison door and its surroundings. Another aspect of Hawthorne^s writing which was exclusive to his time period was the use of formal dialogue which remained fairly consistent from character to character (Magill:2 140). Such overblown dialogue was evident in The Scarlet Letter when the dialogue of Pearl, a young child, exhibited no difference from the dialogue of the other characters in the novel. Hawthorne adopted the use of overly formal dialogue partly from a British writer, Sir Walter Scott, whose works were popular in the United States and Great Britain (Magill:1 841). Although Hawthorne^s dialogue was overly formal, it was an accurate tool in describing human emotion (Gale). Absence of character confrontation was another component of Hawthorne^s literary style.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Autobiography of Ruskin Bond Essay

Ruskin Bond was born in a military hospital in [Kasauli] to Edith Clerke and Aubrey Bond. His siblings were Ellen and William. Ruskin’s father was with the Royal Air Force. When Bond was four years old, his mother was separated from his father and married a Punjabi-Hindu, Mr. Hari, who himself had been married once. Bond spent his early childhood in Jamnagar and Shimla. At the age of ten Ruskin went to live at his grandmother’s house in Dehradun after his father’s sudden death in 1944 from malaria. Ruskin was raised by his mother, who remarried an Indian businessman. He completed his schooling at Bishop in Shimla, from where he graduated in 1952 after having been successful in winning several writing competitions in the school like Irwin Divinity Prize, Hailey Literature Prize. Ruskin’s love for books and writing came early to him since his father had surrounded him with books and encouraged him to write little descriptions of nature and he took his son on hikes in the hills. After his high school education he spent four years in England. In London he started writing his first novel, The Room on the Roof, the semi-autobiographical story of the orphaned Anglo-Indian boy Rusty. It won the 1957 John Llewellyn Rhys prize, awarded to a British Commonwealth writer under 30. Bond used the advance money from the book to pay the sea passage to Bombay. He worked for some years as a journalist in Delhi and Dehradun. Since 1963 he has lived as a freelance writer in Mussoorie, a town in the Himalayan foothills. He wrote Vagrants in the Valley, as a sequel to The Room on the Roof. These two novels were published in one volume by Penguin India in 1993. The following year a collection of his non-fiction writings, The Best of Ruskin Bond was published by Penguin India. His interest in the paranormal led him to write popular titles such as Ghost Stories from the Raj, A Season of Ghosts, A Face in the Dark and other Hauntings. The Indian Council for Child Education recognized his pioneering role in the growth of children’s literature in India, and awarded him the Sahitya Academy Award in 1992 for Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra. He received the Padma Shri in 1999. Media-shy, he currently lives in Landour, Mussoorie’s Ivy Cottage, which has been his home since 1964 Filmography Based on Bond’s historical novella A Flight of Pigeons (about an episode during the Indian Rebellion of 1857), the Hindi film Junoon was produced in 1978 by Shashi Kapoor and directed by Shyam Benegal). Ruskin Bond made his maiden big screen appearance with a cameo in Vishal Bhardwaj’s film 7 Khoon Maaf, based on his short story Susanna’s Seven Husbands. Bond appears as a Bishop in the movie with Priyanka Chopra playing the title role.[2] Bond had earlier collaborated with him in the The Blue Umbrella which was also based on his story. Literary style Most of his works are influenced by life in the hill stations at the foothills of the Himalayas, where he spent his childhood. His first novel, The Room On the Roof, was written when he was 17 and published when he was 21. It was partly based on his experiences at Dehra Dun, in his small rented room on the roof, and his friends. Since then he has written over three hundred short stories, essays and novels, including Vagrants in The Valley, The Blue Umbrella, Funny Side Up, A Flight of Pigeons and more than 30 books for children. He has also published two volumes of autobiography. Scenes from a Writer’s Life describes his formative years growing up in Anglo-India; The Lamp is Lit is a collection of essays and episodes from his journal. Bond said that while his autobiographical work, Rain in the Mountains, was about his years spent in Mussoorie, Scenes from a Writer’s Life described his first 21 years. Scenes from a Writer’s Life focuses on Bond’s trip to England, his struggle to find a publisher for his first book The Room on the Roof and his yearning to come back to India, particularly to Doon. â€Å"It also tells a lot about my parents,† said Bond. â€Å"The book ends with the publication of my first novel and my decision to make writing my livelihood,† Bond said, adding, â€Å"basically it describes how I became a writer†. His novel, The Flight of Pigeons, has been adapted into the Merchant Ivory film Junoon. The Room on the Roof has been adapted into a BBC-produced TV series. Several stories have been incorporated in the school curriculum in India, including â€Å"The Night Train at Deoli†, â€Å"Time Stops at Shamli†, and Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra. In 2007, the Bollywood director Vishal Bharadwaj made a film based on his popular novel for children, The Blue Umbrella. The movie Works †¢ House †¢ Garland of Memories †¢ The Boy Who Broke the Bank †¢ Bus Stop, Pipalnagar †¢ Funny Side Up †¢ Rain in the Mountains-Notes from the Himalayas †¢ Our trees still grow in Dehra †¢ A Season of Ghosts †¢ Tigers Forever †¢ A Town Called Dehra †¢ An island of trees †¢ The Night Train at Deoli †¢ A Face in the Dark and Other Hauntings †¢ Potpourri †¢ The Adventures Of rusty †¢ The Lost Ruby †¢ Crazy times with Uncle Ken †¢ The Death Of Trees †¢ Tales and Legends from India †¢ Hip Hop Nature Boy and Other Poems Novels †¢ Room On The Roof †¢ Vagrants in the Valley †¢ Scenes from a Writer’s Life †¢ Susanna’s Seven Husbands †¢ A Flight of Pigeons †¢ Landour Days – A writers Journal †¢ The Sensualist by Ruskin Bond †¢ The Road To The Bazaar †¢ The Panther’s Moon †¢ Once Upon A Monsoon Time †¢ The India I love †¢ The Kashmiri Storyteller †¢ The Blue Umbrella †¢ The Tiger In The Tunnel †¢ Delhi is Not Far †¢ Animal Stories †¢ Funny side up †¢ Ruskin Bond’s children omnibus Ruskin Bond’s autobiography in Penguin’s Independence list âÅ"“ Scenes from a Writer’s Life, the autobiography of eminent English author Ruskin Bond; will be published in September this year as part of Penguin India’s †50 Years of Independence† series. âÅ"“ Bond said that while his earlier autobiographical work, Rain in the Mountains was about his long years spent in Mussoorie, Scenes from a Writer’s Lifedescribed his first 21 years. âÅ"“ â€Å"Looking back, I find that those earlier years of my life have more incidents resulting from youthful enthusiasm,† said the writer. â€Å"Two-thirds of the book talks about my life in Dehra Dun as a young boy,† he added. âÅ"“ Scenes from a Writer’s Life dwells on Bond’s trip to England, his struggle to find a publisher for his first book The Room on the Roof and his yearning to come back to India, particularly to Doon. â€Å"It also tells a lot about my parents,† said Bond. âÅ"“ â€Å"The book ends with the publication of my first novel and my decision to make writing my livelihood,† Bond said, adding, â€Å"Basically it describes how I became a writer.† âÅ"“ Speaking of his life in the mountains over the past four decades, Bond says, â€Å"Given the choice, I would not have done differently. When you have received love from people, and the freedom that only the mountains can give, then you have come very near the borders of heaven.† âÅ"“ Other books to be published by Penguin India as part of this series include Satish Gujral’s A Brush With Life (memoirs), R K Laxman’s comic account of his life titled, The Tunnel of Time, B K Karanjia’s Godrej: A Hundred Years, and R K Narayan’s collection of essays titled How to be a Writer in India and Other Uncollected Essays. âÅ"“ To mark the 50th anniversary of Partition, Penguin India is publishing a selection of stories by Saadat Hasan Manto titled Mottled Dawn: Fifty Sketches and Stories of Partition. Urvashi Butalia’s Partition Voices is a meticulous account of the traumatic event, recorded in the voice of survivors and others on whom Partition left its imprint. âÅ"“ Colours of Independence, a lavishly illustrated art book, is also being brought out on the occasion. In this book, 50 of India’s finest painters and artists interpret, through original paintings and drawings, the 50 key events in the country’s life since Independence. Short Information about Ruskin Bond: âÅ"“ Ruskin Bond was born in Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh, on 19th May, 1934, and grew up in Shimla, Jamnagar, Dehradun and Mussoorie. As a young man, he spent four years in the Channel Island and London. He now lives in Landour, Mussoorie, with his adopted family. âÅ"“ In the course of a writing career spanning thirty five years, he has written over a hundred short stories, essays, novels and more than thirty books for children. Three collections of short stories, The Night Train at Deoli, Time Stops at Shamli and Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra have been published by Penguin India. He has also edited two anthologies, The Penguin Book of Indian Ghost Stories and The Penguin Book of Indian Railway Stories. Bonds writing is greatly influenced by the hills, and the valley of Dehra Dun, where he spent his childhood. Ruskin Bonds first novel, The Room on the Roof, written when he was seventeen, won the John Llewellyn Rhys Memorial Prize in 1957. Vagrants in the Valley was also written in his teens and picks up from where The Room leaves off. These two novellas were published in one volume in 1993. His non-fiction writing, Rain in the Mountains was also much acclaimed. Since then he has written several novellas (including Vagrants in the Valley, A Flight of Pigeons and Delhi Is Not Far), essays, poems and children books. Ruskin Bond has also written over 500 short stories and articles that have appeared in a number of magazines and anthologies. His novel, The Flight of Pigeons was adapted into a movie, Junoon. He received the Sahitya Academy Award in 1992 for Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra and the Padma Shri in 1999 for children literature Life and works Bond started displaying his literary talent in England. He wrote his first novel named ‘Room On The Roof’ when he was all of 17 years. The book made him win prestigious ‘John Llewellyn Rhys’ Prize that is awarded to British Commonwealth Writers who are under the age of 30. The book was primarily based in and around Himalayas and was successful in capturing its beauty and ethos in a manner that was never tried before. Its sequel named ‘Vagrants in the Valley’ followed it. Riding on the success of these two novels, Ruskin took the journey back home. Ruskin Bond has now been writing for more than 5 decades. He has stressed more on the local elements of Himalayas in his writings. His writing style is distinct in a way that it tries to make reader understand the landscape and ethos through carefully mastered words. His writings have won him both tremendous critical acclaim as well as a long list of fans through out the literary world. Replete with unassuming humor and quiet wisdom, his stories manifest a deep love for nature and people. His mesmerizing descriptions about the flora and fauna of Himalayas can not be missed in his 100 something short stories, essays, novels, and more than thirty books of children that he has written. His works has inspired several generations of writers, authors and scriptwriters. His novel named ‘The Flight of Pigeons’ has been adapted into the acclaimed Merchant Ivory film Junoon. Another less known novel named ‘The Room on the Roof’ has been adapted in to a BBC produced TV series. Nevertheless his greatest achievement comes from the fact that several of his short stories from his collections have been incorporated in the school curriculum all over India. It includes jewels such as The Night Train at Deoli, Time Stops at Shamli and Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra. In spite of all these successes, Bond can be concluded today as a media-shy and reclusive literary genius. He spends his days with his adopted family at a place close to Dehradun. He received the Sahitya Academy Award for English writing in India for ‘Our Trees Still grows in Dehra’ in 1992. He has also been conferred with Padma Shri, one of the most prestigious civil awards in Ind ia.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Brita Case Essay

The Brita Products Company began in 1988 under the recommendation of Charlie Couric, a marketing executive with the Clorox Company. Optimistic of its capability to be profitable, Clorox acquired the right to market the home water filtration system. Clorox, citing the overriding long-term benefits of continuous filter sales, initially engaged in deficit spending. Such measures paid off and Clorox not only created a $350 million market, but also captured 70% of the market revenue. Brita enjoyed success in the market by creating a perception of better tasting water. However, as ater purification technology improved and consumer awareness increased, taste alone was no longer enough to sustain its massive market share. Consumers are demanding more in terms of health benefits and Brita needs to respond to their growing needs and wants. The market environment is characterized by fast growth. As consumers are becoming more health-conscious, bottled water and water- filtration systems are becoming a necessity for most, with a Brita pitcher in 1 out of 7 homes – 103 million households. Brita’s competitors were unable to effectively rival Brita in pitcher sales. Brita dominated despite many new entrants to the market. However, a small competitor, PUR, launched a different water filtration product. PUR’s faucet-filter system offered added health and convenience benefits that Brita’s pitcher couldn’t provide. Now suddenly, our competitors came up with the first mover product. Thus Couric is considering allocating resources to launch a faucet-mounted filtration system in response to these emerging competitors. Many think Brita needs to capitalize on this opportunity to gain new consumers while their name still remains synonymous with quality and taste. Thus raising the question, how should Brita attempt to further penetrate the market with their products? Lets take a look at the Pros and Cons of each option: Option 1: Implement the new faucet mount filtration system The Purpose This writing aims to present one possible solution to the dilemma that Clorox Company faces. The Clorox Company was the market leader in water filtration in the USA with the Brita Pitcher (one of the Clorox’s most important product), but in 1999 they faced the threat of a new product ‘ the faucet mounted filter. Clorox already had its own version of this new product ready to launch into the market, so the issue was to decide the best of the following strategies: 1 . Continue selling only the current product; 2. Introduce their new faucet mounted filter in addition to the pitcher into the market 2. The Analysis Market Summary Clorox launched in 1988 the Brita Pitcher and after a decade they were the market leaders of water filtration systems with a market share of 69%. After the Brita pitcher launch, the water quality became a growing concern to consumers. This new attitude about the quality of drinking water allowed the purified water market to grow in both bottled water and filter systems. This growing on the water market, allowed Clorox Has not defined product Market segmentation

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Objects and humans Essays

Objects and humans Essays Objects and humans Essay Objects and humans Essay The brutality of this novel about the fact that people are born evil is a modern day quarrel that this belief is true. The monster was made up of body parts and organs of different people and turned into a monster through the combination of genes from unknown mothers, fathers, grandparents etc. Us as humans are all so made up of genes therefore he is completely human. The discussion about evilness inside can determine on the person. If the Monsters facial characteristics were humanised then he would able to live ordinary human life. Logically everyone has the potential to become a monster; therefore there is a monster inside of us. If this so-called monster is unleashed then it causes devastations, bad crimes, murders, etc. The monster is unusual; it comes over and out as temper but hardly ever steps out of boundaries as we have been through childhood unlike Frankensteins Monster. The theme suggests that anybody could become a major act in a criminal form but many would disagree with this statement. Shelly shows the effectiveness of the Monster but also shows it has intelligence. The language of nature differs from Shellys use of dramatic language. Her use of language is taken to extremes, which emphasises the image. Her language of nature has different contrasts, at times the image is very tranquil and subtle but near a silent or crescendo scene the captured moment is sluggish.  The abrupt sides of vast mountains were before me, the icy wall of the glacier overhung me; a few shattered pines were scattered around; and the solemn silence of this glorious presence- chamber of imperial Nature was broken only by the brawling waves. The image from this brawl of nature shows hatred is captured in the surroundings. Dramatic language shows the intensity, it makes you twitch, it makes to understand the grudge but also it says crawl in my skin and feel what I feel, weep when I weep.  CURESD, CURSED CREATOR! Why did I live? Why, in that instant did I not extinguish the spark of existence which you had so wantonly bestowed? My feelings were those of rage and revenge. The motions behind this show how distributed and horrifying spark turned into exploding flames. The first three words mask the dramatic sense; it feels like they were driven out from the oesophagus in the gravest tone of voice. Religious language was also part of Shellys way of describing the fretfulness and sanctity of characters. The meaning of religion was a great passion in Shelly times.  I did confess; but I confessed a lie. I confessed, that I might obtain absolution; but now that falsehood lies heavier at my heart than all my other sins. Religious language was defined to be the power of all. It shows only God, you must pray to him and only him, it shows there is no other way for salvation.  A way of showing emotions and likewise the elements behind those emotions is illustrated by similes. It accumulates the emotions and explains it by using the surroundings atmosphere. Elizabeth also wept, and was unhappy; but hers also was the misery of innocence, which, like a cloud that passes over the fair moon, for a while hides but cannot tarnish its brightness. Wept and unhappy doesnt suggest the strength of fear but the moon hiding behind clouds still shows its brightness. Using a simile can convey the point deeply.  To personify an object to give human characteristics shows the resemblance between the objects and humans.  The pines are not tall or luxuriant, but they are sombre, and add an air if severity to the scene. A sad person gets smaller, their heads drops down they are like a pine hard and sombre. Shelly uses poetic language but in an exclusive way. Poems in the middle of chapters allow the story to move forward in time. Each word has a great shadow behind it; they have control over the situation.  The 1931 edition of Frankenstein is sub-titled The Modern Day Prometheus. The Greek mythology says that gods existed before mankind and they were the leader to heaven and hell. Zeus was the leader of all gods who had the power of insensibility. Prometheus at that time was a minor God who had less power over the world. His ambitions were different and so he distinguished humans from animals by talking the qualities from animals and donating them to humans. Due to his action he was banished for many years.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Culture of Fashion essays

Culture of Fashion essays Everything you own, wear, use, carry, live with, display, spend money on - from necklace to automobile - can be interpreted as a sign. All of these things serve as a type of signifier to send out information about ourselves. For centuries, fashion has always been a way of non-verbally communicating ideas or beliefs about an individual. It is a language of signs, symbols and iconography that communicate meanings (Thomas 2004). When referring to fashion, I am not only referring to material clothing, but jewelry, hairstyles, piercings, tattoos, etc. They are ways to indicate occupation, gender, religion, sexual availability, class, wealth, etc. At a fundamental level, clothes serve as bodily covering, for warmth and protection. However, much more than this, in putting on clothes we produce an image of ourselves. These images are made to suit our own needs and more importantly, to conform to various ideological and lifestyle codes. In this way, fashion is a "reflection of cultural values and attitudes" (Danesi 1994:157). Our perception of beauty or ugliness of our bodies is influenced by cultural attitudes that are passed down through generations. The accepted female painted by Leanardo da Vinci would be undesirable nowadays, as beauty has changed meaning over time. Thus, popular or mainstream fashion is dependant on the culture surrounding it. People are directly affected by their cultural surroundings when making purchases. Consider peer groups, employers, clients, colleagues, boyfriends, girlfriends, mothers, fathers, etc. Consciously (more times than not), the purchaser has these people in mind when buying certain products. Peer groups are crucial factors in the world of commercialism. For most people, a status symbol becomes old fashioned as soon as the peer group loses interest. A good example of this can be cell phones and the ever-increasing technology that they entail. As new products be...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

10 Writing Submission Strategies to Get You Published - Freewrite Store

10 Writing Submission Strategies to Get You Published - Freewrite Store Today’s guest post is by editor and author Susan DeFreitas (@manzanitafire), whose debut novel, Hot Season, won the 2017 Gold IPPY Award for Best Fiction of the Mountain-West.       Some of the most brilliant writers fail to get published, and not because their work isn’t ready for publication, but because they fail to submit their work. Maybe you’re one of them. Or maybe you’re one of those who submits a short story, essay, or query once in a blue moon, hoping for the best (but, more likely than not, getting rejected). Or maybe you’ve developed a more systematic approach to submissions, but still have yet to break through with the byline or book deal you’ve been aiming for. It might be that your work isn’t ready yet for publication; on the other hand, it might be that your current submissions strategy isn’t working. In my 20+ years as a writer, and close to 10 now as an editor, I’ve learned a few things about the submissions process, and a few things about publishing too- and it’s my hope that what I’ve learned will help you develop a more efficient, more effective submissions strategy. 1. Double up Publishing is, at its heart, a numbers game; most literary journals and magazines receive a thousand or more submissions a year, with acceptance rates hovering between .5 and 2.5 percent. Those numbers should make it clear that in order to get results, no matter how brilliant your submission may be, you need to have your work under consideration in many different places. (Most literary journals allow for simultaneous submissions, which makes this easier; most genre magazines do not.) Of course, there are only so many hours in the day, week, month, and year, and if you’re already overloaded with other obligations, the responsibility to submit your work can seem overwhelming- even paralyzing. But there’s a simple trick to avoid that sort of paralysis: however many submissions you tend to have out at a time, double it. That means, if you have nothing currently under consideration, submit one thing; if you have a piece under consideration by five publications, submit to five more. 2. Follow up New writers tend to take rejection hard; more experienced writers hardly notice it. But if you don’t take the time to read your rejections carefully, you may miss the fact it has been rejected with regrets. This is one of those â€Å"nice† rejections; it might mention that while the editors enjoyed the piece, they ultimately decided that it wasn’t right for their publication. Rejections like this often come with an invitation to submit more work. These kind of rejections can sting, sometimes more than the standard form letter (so close!). But it’s important to realize what the nice rejection letter really means. Kate Winterheimer, the founding editor of The Masters Review, notes that she has published many authors who had been previously rejected many times. â€Å"I can’t emphasize enough that continuing to submit to the same literary magazine is something you absolutely should do,† she says. â€Å"It’s terrible to think they might not submit to us again when their work is so close and such a strong fit, but has otherwise been beat out by other stories. We’ve published several authors who first received rejections from us.† If you love a publication, and the editors there love you, keep sending them your work. 3. Periodically revise If you stopped to edit your work each and every time you sat down to send it out, you’d never send it out at all. (Writers are notorious perfectionists.) But if you’ve collected five or ten rejections on a piece, it might be time to revisit the piece with newer, fresher eyes and see if it might benefit from revision That revision might be structural- for instance, a new ending- or it might be cosmetic (almost any piece can benefit from a nip and tuck here and there). Either way, revisiting the piece may be the key to getting an acceptance in your next round of submissions. 4. Send out polished work We all know the shiny allure of a just-finished piece- which seems to lack so many of the flaws of our earlier, less sophisticated work- and in the first flush of excitement, it can be tempting to send it out for consideration. This is a strategy that makes sense for topical, nonfiction (essays and articles), especially if it intersects with the current news cycle. But for fiction and poetry, that first flush of excitement often hides fundamental flaws that you would have caught during the process of revision. When in doubt, submit your most polished work- which, in general, tends to be older. 5. Always be circulating. There are many writers who will do a big submissions push on an infrequent basis- say, once a year. One by one, the rejections roll in, and this writer lets them accrue until the piece is no longer in circulation. If this is all you can manage, great. But if you’re serious about getting published, it makes sense to observe what The Review Review terms, â€Å"the ABCs of lit mag publishing: always be circulating.† One way to achieve this goal is to submit on a one-to-one basis: for every rejection you receive, one submission goes out. (Want to level up even further? For every rejection you receive, submit to five more publications.) 6. Do your research It’s great to have big ambitions for your work. But if you’ve been submitting for a while and have only been submitting to the top-tier publications, it might be time to reconsider your publications strategy. Everyone wants to be published by The New Yorker (or Asimov’s, as the case may be). But that means everyone is submitting to these publications too. On a purely statistical basis, you owe it to yourself to check out the publications that not everyone has heard of, and to get to know their work. There are so many high-quality, lesser-known publications out there, and many of them even pay a professional rate. 7. Look for the limits Any factor that limits the number of submissions in a given slush pile is your friend. That limiting factor might be the fact that the journal is only open to submissions for a week twice a year. Or that the contest is only open to women under 35, or poets from upstate New York- or, even better female poets under 35 from upstate New York! Even as broad a category as gender has the potential to cut your competition in half- so, in surveying your submissions opportunities, look for the limits. 8. Keep track Does all of this sound like a lot to keep track of? It is. Add in the number of times you’ve submitted a piece, its word count, some key words that might help in targeting submissions, and you’ve got a whole mess of information on your hands, which is why I recommend using a spreadsheet to track your submissions. 9. Submit early We’re all busy people, which is why so many of us wait until close to the contest deadline or end of the submissions window to submit. But editors and general readers are busy people too, which is why they generally do not wait until the contest or submissions window closes to start reading, and the way they read at the beginning of their journey through the slush is not the way they read at the end. If you want to give yourself the best odds with a given contest or publication, send in your work as soon as submissions open. 10. Submit often Finally, remember that submitting is an essential activity for every writer who aspires to be an author. It pays to stay abreast of new publication opportunities as they arise, and to submit work frequently enough that you can take advantage of those opportunities whenever they come your way. Now it’s your turn. What are some of the submission strategies that have proven helpful to you? Let me know in the comments below.    An author, editor, and educator, Susan DeFreitas’s creative work has appeared in (or is forthcoming from) The Writer’s Chronicle, The Utne Reader, Story, Southwestern American Literature, and Weber- The Contemporary West, along with more than twenty other journals and anthologies. She is the author of the novel Hot Season (Harvard Square Editions), which won the 2017 Gold IPPY Award for Best Fiction of the Mountain West. She holds an MFA from Pacific University and lives in Portland, Oregon, where she serves as an editor with Indigo Editing Publications.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Ethics Case studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics Case studies - Essay Example John has rested his hope in my positive recommendation to get the opportunity which he regards as a lifetime opportunity. Patients are the major stakeholders in this case because their life will be at risk in case the wrong person is offered the job. Indeed, the only practical alternative is to be honest with the reference lab regarding John’s capabilities. Lying for him would be unethical and short-lived because even if he is hired, it will not take long before the new employer discovers his incompetence. This would result in him being fired and it would be embarrassing for him to come back to seek his old job once again. This would jeopardize the Center’s reputation and my credibility as a reference person. Professional code of ethics states that the best interests of the patient should come first before individual and organizational interests. The interest of colleagues should be given second priority when the patient’s well-being is at risk. The profession should also be safeguarded through ethical practices. I would clearly explain to John the competencies required in the new job and make him understand that in my honest opinion, he is not qualified for the job. I would also explain to him the undesirable consequences that may result from my strong recommendation for him including putting his current job and the potential job at risk as well as jeopardizing the reputation of the lab. As the lab supervisor, you receive a report from one of the evening shift technologists that another one of the evening techs is doing the â€Å"sink test† (i.e. dumping samples down the sink and making up the results) in urinalysis in order to get to dinner earlier. What action would you take? The ethical problem in this case is dishonesty in one of the laboratory technologist who is putting the patients’ health at risk. The wrong results may cause irreversible damage to the patient. These actions may damage the reputation of the

China Fragile State Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

China Fragile State Analysis - Essay Example Lack of a continuous economic growth in China poses a big threat worldwide as many observers point out. A Chinese specialist Susan Shirk asserts that China’s internal fragility status presents a big danger more than the economy and the strength of its military. China exists as a sovereign country located in East Asia. A recent report compiled by World Bank (2014) shows a rapid increase in China’s population. The survey shows that the population is currently at 1,369,811,000. The Chinese government recognizes 56 ethnic groups (CIA, 2010). A survey conducted by Central Intelligence Agency US (2010) shows that the Han Chinese is the largest ethnic group in china occupying 91.6 percent of the total population. The second largest ethnic group is Zhuang occupying 1.3 percent. Other ethnicity groups that occupy the rest 1.7% include the Hui, Miiao, Yi, Tujia, Tibetan, Manchu, Mongol, Buyei, Bai, Kazakh, Yao and other small ethnic groups. China has been experiencing increased growth in economy in the past two decades. In the year 2012, China overtook Japan which was the world second largest economy making it the state with the second largest economy globally. However, after several research conducted by World Bank in 2013 China’s annual per capita GDP is at 7.7%. Such per capita indicates that the country remains as a developing country. China’s share in the world trade has increased rapidly in the recent years but the growth is moderately low compared to that of the US. According to a report by IMF (2009), the GDP in China at the current exchange rate is a fifth of that of the US and that of private consumption is an eighth of that of the US. Additionally, China accounts for only 3% of global imports of consumer goods and 4% of world import growth. This makes US the ‘global consumer’ in the short run (International Monetary Fund, 2009). The rise of China’s economy is the factor that has been raising its foreign

Friday, October 18, 2019

Investigate the relationship between empathy and psychopathy Research Paper

Investigate the relationship between empathy and psychopathy - Research Paper Example Empathy is defined by the author as the individual ability to be able to feel other’s pain or distress, cognitively take another’s perspective and be able to see self in other’s situation as well as the ability to mirror another’s physical gesture all in the aim of being in harmony with the other person in a social context. Simultaneously, the lack of the ability to decipher non-verbal cues is a feature associated with several developmental disorders and is also an essential characteristic of psychopathy. This paper aims to examine and analyze the relationship between empathy and psychopathy. An empathic response is an emotional reaction in an observer to the affective state of another individual. Some have conceptualized empathy as a unitary process (Preston & de Waal, 2002) and have viewed empathy as a â€Å"super-ordinate category that includes all sub-classes of phenomena that share the same mechanism. This includes emotional contagion, sympathy, cognitive empathy, helping behavior, etc.† (p. 4). Blair (2005) argues that the term â€Å"empathy† encompasses different dissociable neurocognitive processes. He identifies three main divisions: cognitive, motor, and emotional empathy. The term affective empathy can be described as the ability to perceive accurately and understand emotionally how another person is feeling. According to Blair (2005) accurate perception of another’s feelings is sufficient to satisfy the definition of emotional empathy; however, accurate perception is a cognitive ability and one would need to also have a visceral experienc e of another’s emotion to label it as an affective experience. From the critical perspective, the construct of empathy is essential to understand the psychopathic personality disorder. The neurcognitive model of affect processing describes neural networks within the brain that are particularly concerned with deciphering the affective meaning of perceptual and auditory

Living Arrangments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Living Arrangments - Essay Example The general living conditions of each type of housing must be taken into account if a college student wants to be successful in achieving his or her goal. It cannot be argued that living in a single apartment, with no one around to disturb you or interfere with your plans is a desirable situation. The peace and quiet of your own space cannot be measured in concrete terms and being master of your own time and space is an important psychological element of growing up. It is often a necessary step in distancing yourself from parents who are accustomed to treating you as a small child rather than recognizing your adult status. There is also no one inviting their friends over and making loud noise during these times as might happen when living with friends. However, there is also no one around to do your laundry for you or to cook dinner for you and make sure there is food in the house, all of which is normally taken care of when you live at home. There is no one around either to help you with homework or difficulties or to keep you company when you’re alone as there would be with a number of roommates. With no clear cut answers provided in considering living conditions, it is also necessary to consider the likelihood of your college success in terms of available study time. When you live on your own in a single apartment, you have all the time you could want to study in peace and quiet. There are no parents coming in to bother you with other responsibilities and no friends bringing over other friends to encourage you to push the books aside. At the same time, parents are often helpful in encouraging you to take time to study, which can make the difference between college success and college failure and friends can sometimes be very helpful in understanding work that you just don’t get. In considering both living conditions and study time, the concept of support emerges as an

Thursday, October 17, 2019

The basic principles of MR image production Essay

The basic principles of MR image production - Essay Example In this essay, safety issues and hazards of MRI will be discussed and methods for safe imaging will be explored through review of suitable literature. MRI is a "way of obtaining very detailed images of organs and tissues throughout the body without the need for x-rays or "ionizing" radiation. Instead, MRI uses a powerful magnetic field, radio waves, rapidly changing magnetic fields, and a computer to create images that show whether or not there is an injury, disease process, or abnormal condition present" (Patient-Safety MRI, 2010). MRI has turned out to be an excellent investigation tool because of it ability to provide good contrast between various tissues in a particular region. For example, in the brain, a good contrast is provided between white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid (Diwadkar and Keshavan, 2002). The technology of MRI mainly employs 3 components for imaging and they are pulsed radio-frequency fields or RF, high static magnetic field and time-varying gradient electromagnetic fields or EMF (Roboman et al, 2006). For the purpose of MR imaging, the patient is placed in a "large, tunnel or doughnut-shaped dev ice that is open at both ends" (Patient-Safety MRI, 2010) (Refer Figure-1). The examination causes no pain or tissue injury, although loud noises are heard during the procedure. There is also a risk of mechanical injury due to ferromagnetic objects kept in the scanning room unintentionally. The main hazards concerned with magnetic fields are interactions with the equipment and interactions with human tissue. As far as human tissue interactions are concerned, the most worrisome interactions are with blood flow, ears and cardiac cycle (De Wilde et al, 2007). The main safety issues which are of concern on exposure to high static magnetic field are are both mechanical and biological effects and their consequences. In clinical MRI scanning, the strength of magnets used range between

Learning organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Learning organisation - Essay Example Learning organization can be defined as, â€Å"A Learning Company is an organization that facilitates the learning of all its members and continuously transforms itself†Development of an organization into a learning organization is not an organic process Instead, such a development is facilitated by certain factors. With the growth of organization and structuring of the company, individuals tend to assume more strength and power and their rigidity subdues the organization’s capacity to learn as it grows. In such circumstances, solutions applied to counter problems are often ineffective. Organizations tend to downsize in an attempt to enlarge profits and remain competitive. With fewer staff members, load on individuals grows manifolds. In order to gain competitive advantage and to promote a culture that is customer responsive, it is imperative that companies learn faster than their parallels in the market. This requires maintenance of knowledge regarding new processes an d products and an understanding of the outside environment. That is why learning organization has been defined as, â€Å"a company that can respond to new information by altering the very â€Å"programming† by which information is processed and evaluated† (Malhotra, 1996). In order to accomplish this, employees assume a greater responsibility of both managing their own works and cooperating with one another to play part in the organization’s strategic processes meant for competitive advantage. This paper aims at discussing some of the key features of a learning organization.... According to the systems thinking, in order for an organization to gain the qualities a learning organization, all traits should be simultaneously apparent in it. In case an organization lacks any of the five characteristics, it will not be able to achieve its goal. However, some people are of the view that these traits can be acquired or developed one by one with time. For example, O’ Keeffe (2002) is of the view that these features can not all be acquired at once, and are instead, developed gradually to convert an organization into a learning organization. Shared vision: One of the key factors that provide an organization with an opportunity to gain competitive advantage is shared vision. Shared vision among the organizational personnel builds their common identity. This in turn, provides the workers with tremendous energy and inculcates motivation in them to gain learning. In this way, shared vision plays a cardinal role in promoting learning among the members of the staff. Individuals’ vision plays a big role in the development and promotion of shared vision. Thus, if the vision in a company is enforced by particular people who assume greater power over others, this may hinder the development of a shared organizational vision. This is the fundamental reason why most of the learning organizations prefer to adopt decentralized and flat organization structures. Personal mastery: Personal mastery is the name of an individual’s commitment to the organizational learning process (Senge, 1990). An organization whose personnel are quick learners acquires an edge over the competitors whose employees are not. There are various organization specific events and happenings that

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

The basic principles of MR image production Essay

The basic principles of MR image production - Essay Example In this essay, safety issues and hazards of MRI will be discussed and methods for safe imaging will be explored through review of suitable literature. MRI is a "way of obtaining very detailed images of organs and tissues throughout the body without the need for x-rays or "ionizing" radiation. Instead, MRI uses a powerful magnetic field, radio waves, rapidly changing magnetic fields, and a computer to create images that show whether or not there is an injury, disease process, or abnormal condition present" (Patient-Safety MRI, 2010). MRI has turned out to be an excellent investigation tool because of it ability to provide good contrast between various tissues in a particular region. For example, in the brain, a good contrast is provided between white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid (Diwadkar and Keshavan, 2002). The technology of MRI mainly employs 3 components for imaging and they are pulsed radio-frequency fields or RF, high static magnetic field and time-varying gradient electromagnetic fields or EMF (Roboman et al, 2006). For the purpose of MR imaging, the patient is placed in a "large, tunnel or doughnut-shaped dev ice that is open at both ends" (Patient-Safety MRI, 2010) (Refer Figure-1). The examination causes no pain or tissue injury, although loud noises are heard during the procedure. There is also a risk of mechanical injury due to ferromagnetic objects kept in the scanning room unintentionally. The main hazards concerned with magnetic fields are interactions with the equipment and interactions with human tissue. As far as human tissue interactions are concerned, the most worrisome interactions are with blood flow, ears and cardiac cycle (De Wilde et al, 2007). The main safety issues which are of concern on exposure to high static magnetic field are are both mechanical and biological effects and their consequences. In clinical MRI scanning, the strength of magnets used range between

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Interenatinal human rights midterm essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interenatinal human rights midterm - Essay Example The ICCPR was ratified by the General Assembly in 1966 while the optional Protocol was adopted on the same day (OHCHR). The fact that only Marigold is a member state of the International Criminal Court does not deprive it of the right to take its case to the ICC. According to Article 12 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the ICC has territorial jurisdiction over a crime where the criminal conduct has occurred in the territory of a state which is a member of the ICC (United Nations). Therefore, if the governments of Oakland and Beechland do not cooperate in administering justice to the people, the Marigold government can take its case to the ICC. Another option that is available to Marigold is that under Article 42 of the ICCPR, any member state may request the Committee to take up the matter and constitute a commission to decide the matter. However, this request will only be accepted if the domestic alternatives according to international law have been exhausted (OHCHR). Under this Article, the Committee may set up a Commission after satisfying that all the domestic alternatives have been tried. The Commission would be constituted of five members as opposed to the seven members decided by the Arborian Commission. It would be situated at the United Nations headquarters, the UN office in Geneva, or even at The Hague if the member states, i.e. Marigold and Beechland so determine. If any step taken by the Marigold government fails to address the loss of the Arborian community, then the individuals may make a complaint to the Human Rights Committee under Article 1 of the Optional Protocol of the ICCPR (OHCHR). However, to make a valid request, it is essential that the individual should have exhausted all the domestic resources. However, Article 5 of the Optional Protocol makes a concession in the case where the provision of appropriate remedies by the State government

Monday, October 14, 2019

Compare Macbeth to a Film Adaptation Essay Example for Free

Compare Macbeth to a Film Adaptation Essay In William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth† the audience witness’s one man’s overriding ambitions to his iconic fall. Shakespeare makes a point of showing the deterioration of the Macbeth that entered the stage in Act 1 and the Macbeth that dies in act 7, showing that even the deep morality and honesty of a man like a man can worsen into a man who is willing to kill his own King – a deadly sin in Shakespeare’s 17th century. Throughout my piece I shall make unifying links between the adaptation directed by Mark Brozel and the original text wrote by none other than Shakespeare. For the period of Act 1, Scene 2, Macbeth is hailed as the very heroic and brave â€Å"Worthy gentleman!† who â€Å"carved out his passage Till he faced the slave;† this suggests two points already, the fact that Macbeth is a graceful fighter who elegantly â€Å"carved† his way through the battle which also suggests that he is as much a perfectionist in the play as he is a cook in the adaptation. The perfection we see in the play is the perfection of murder, how he kills people so wonderfully and gracefully without any shame. Whereas the adaptation shows a more remorseful Macbeth, it pains him to kill animals inhumanely and uses a less murderous way when he has to, he cooks for perfection also, and before his breakdown at his restaurant he refuses to serve the food late when it was ready at the time, saying â€Å"you can’t keep perfection under the light†, only a perfectionist would inherit such a trait. Plus, he mentions that †the first rule in the kitchen is respect†. In Act 1 Scene 3, you begin to see Macbeth’s character really emerge. In the play Macbeth is intrigued by the witches, this highlights two point, he wants to know more â€Å"Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more† for the reason of asking more questions, because the idea has been proposed that he shall be king and Cawdor. However Joe Macbeth laughs at the idea of being the head chef at his Duncan’s restaurant, he finds it delusional and this is the main difference between the two. The Play’s Macbeth is already showing signs of being delusional from the â€Å"aside† side notes but the Macbeth of the adaptation is calmer, more collected. Macbeth battles with himself to then only later write Lady Macbeth a letter telling her all about what has happened. This is because Macbeth in the play is very insecure Macbeth; he is so overrun by the idea that he can be king he begins to speak to himself as â€Å"aside† followed by the quote of â€Å"Gl amis, and thane of Cawdor! The greatest is behind† showing his yearning for power and how his desires, in this case the desire to even have a chance of being king, suddenly take control of his actions and this becomes his tragic flaw. It prevents him from becoming aware of when to stop and think about the consequences; alternatively the Macbeth in the film is more aware of his actions, when forced to fire his two chefs he does so but his guilt consumes him, he realises the tragic outcome of his actions and how his two employees won’t be able to follow their dreams, so he all willingly gives them a large sum of money, this is something the play scripts Macbeth would never do, because he is unaware of the outcomes of his actions. The second point is how intrigued Macbeth is in the play when he is proposed with the idea of becoming the Thane of Cawdor and the King himself; he doesn’t plan the death of Duncan because, to build on my point earlier, he doesn’t want to kill Duncan, Duncan is aware of how morally wrong it is and the guilt that will live with him. He is just interested by the idea of being the King and Duncan just happens to be in his way. His motivation is fuelled by desire and ambition, however what you see in Joe Macbeth is different – Joe, when proposed with the idea of being head chef laughs, but soon gains interest later, but the interest is because he would get to kill Duncan and this is shown by the jealous looks given at the beginning of the play, his motivation is fuelled by jealousy. Joe Macbeth even before considering the idea of being head chef starts to plan Duncan’s murder, this is evident in the scene where Duncan takes Joe Macbeth aside and Joe tells Duncan â€Å"the chance of you being run over by a bus are zero† this shows that Joe has started considering the idea of it happening even before telling Lady Macbeth about the witches prophecies or taking into account the idea of being the head chef. In the play Macbeth seems to be in awe of King Duncan, Macbeth feels any work done on the request of or for Duncan is not work at all, but duty, Macbeth admires Duncan as a King and respects him as I quote â€Å"The service and the loyalty I owe In doing it pays itself. Your highness part Is to receive our duties, and our duties Are to your throne and state children and servant† (Act 1, Scene 4) Macbeth and Duncan have a respected relationship, one where they are grateful of each other and admire one another in the first Act, this makes the murder of Duncan even harder and that’s why he chooses to murder Duncan at night. His hand can commit the murder without his eye having to witness it. Somehow this will make the guilt and betrayal less. Macbeth changes throughout as his character develops, in comparison to the relationship between Duncan and Macbeth in the film adaptation is to a certain extent, unalike. When asked about a recipe of Duncan’s Macbeth replies with a jealous voice â€Å"yes, that’s mine† the relationship between Duncan and Joe Macbeth is strained. Joe knows he is the reason the restaurant is so successful and it pains him to lose credit where credit is due .Joe is envious of Duncan, this is confirmed through the first confrontation between the two and how Joe uses only â€Å"Duncan† as a greeting, to represent his cold emotionless feelings towards Duncan.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Teaching Philosophy Via the Internet Essay -- Technology Education Lea

I defend the practical value of teaching undergraduate philosophy courses in the Internet. Three important objectives of philosophical education can be achieved as effectively by electronic means as in the classroom. First, information about the philosophical tradition can be conveyed by hypertext documents on the World-Wide Web. Second, philosophical dialogue can be conducted through participation in an electronic forum. Third, close supervision of student writing can be achieved by means of e-mail submission of written assignments. In each case, I argue that the electronic method offers significant advantages to student learning. Many of the colleagues who discover that I have begun offering philosophy courses over the Internet express a similar set of reservations. Although they often grant that this must be an interesting project and sometimes admit that it may turn out to be worthwhile, they are uniformly skeptical about the prospect for its success. Accustomed as we have become to face-to-face interaction between instructor and student in the classroom, we find it difficult to imagine teaching philosophy in any other way. Thus, the introduction of alternative methods is often greeted with a suspicion that "this may be true in theory but does not apply to practice." With respect to use of the Internet to teach philosophy, this paper will allay that suspicion. In what follows, I identify three important objectives of philosophical education and show how each of them can be achieved while relying exclusively upon electronic communication. Indeed, in each case I argue that appropriate use of Internet resources provides clear advantages over the methods employed in a traditional classroom. Teaching philosophy on the Intern... ...ted is well-spent, since it results in important educational benefits for the students who participate. In addition, teaching on the Internet can make philosophy instruction available to many people who might otherwise lack an opportunity to acquire it. Those with impaired mobility, vision, or hearing can take advantage of electronically-mediated accommodations in order to participate in the educational process alongside those who do not face similar obstacles. Those whose geographical location or employment schedule prevents easy access to a traditional college classroom can join in a well-designed on-line course whenever it is convenient and wherever they are. In keeping with the theme of this Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, teaching philosophy on the Internet will significantly contribute to the achievement of our goal of philosophy educating humanity.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Alcohol and its effects Essay -- essays research papers fc

Alcohol is a large part of American culture. All over the United States drinking is not only acceptable but a social norm from teenagers to adults. This is not only the case in the U.S., but all over the world, where some drinking ages are 18 and 19 years of age. In America specifically, alcohol has been around for centuries and is a large part of many social gatherings. Although this is the case now, in the early 1900’s during the prohibition period, all alcohol was banned and deemed illegal to possess. Even though illegal, the task was just too heavy and alcohol was too much a common practice for most Americans. As time went on the prohibition period ended and the laws were revoked, making it legal again to possess alcohol. The drinking related problems that were around during prohibition pale in comparison to the problems alcohol has caused since then. Many people wonder if kids are drinking earlier and earlier and they feel the drinking age should be raised. On the other hand many people are against raising the drinking age, mainly those whom would be affected by this decision, Americas youth. From its affect on society, including its appeal towards young adults, to the diseases it causes, the problems of alcohol abuse are widespread and in many forms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is a known fact that many Americans drink alcohol on a weekly basis. Depending on the rate and volume of consumption, alcohol has many different effects on the human body. Light drinking has been proven not to be a problem, and is even considered to be healthy. A glass of Red wine once a day is known to be beneficial to the heart. It helps prevent coronary heart disease by reducing plaque deposits in the arteries surrounding the heart, preventing blood clotting, while also helping to dissolve clots that already exist (Rehm 1210). Moderate and heavy drinking is a different story though. When drinking to the point of moderate to heavy consumption, there is a greater risk for personal injury. Car accidents are not the only causes of injury when under the influence of alcohol. Many incidents of injury are directly related to alcohol consumption including violence, and accidental personal injury. This being said, drunk driving is the main cause of death associated w ith alcohol consumption (Rehm 1220). Researchers have found that with increased volumes of alcohol consumption on... ...  Ã‚  Health and Research World, 1991, 52. This article speaks of adolescent alcohol use and abuse. It examines the lack of research done on adolescent health issues and the current knowledge of the consequences of adolescent alcohol consumption. The article also presents strategies on how to inform and clarify the issues of adolescent alcohol abuse. Brad Mackay, â€Å"Alcohol Rivals Tobacco for Health Impact: WHO,† Canadian Medical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Association, June 8, 2004, 1778. This article was short but provides a good comparison of alcohol and tobacco. The article presents good facts while giving good suggestions for solutions to the rising problems with alcohol. Jurgen Rehm, â€Å"The Relationship of Average Volume of Alcohol Consumption and Patterns of Drinking to Burden of Disease: An Overview,† Addiction Research Institute, May 8, 2003, 1209-1228. This article is aimed towards a large study to estimate the global burden of disease attributable to alcohol. The article tries to identify the relationships between average volume consumption, patterns of drinking, disease, and injury outcomes. The article also gives many numbers to back up its points.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Computer Addiction

Study Computer games have been leisure most in secondary level students. Students who are addicted to computer games, most all of them do not attend their classes just to play with their friends or classmates. Students who don't still know how to play computer games that who are willing to know In playing computer games can be easily addicted to it and some do not do their dally tasks anymore. Many students have no good educational background because they don't focus on their studies. Some computer addict are undergraduates and don't want to go to school anymore.Because of this, computer shops prohibited elementary and high school students to go inside the shops. Some students who are in last year of high school have previous experiences that the regret towards being addicted to computer games, since that they will not graduate If they don't want to attend to school anymore. Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the Effect of Computer Games to IBIS 2nd year students. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: 1 . What are the effects of Computer Games to IBIS 2nd year students studies? 2.What are the effects of Computer Games to IBIS 2nd year students health? 3. What are the reasons why IBIS 2nd year students addicted to computer games? Objectives The study has the following objectives: 1. To know the effects of Computer Games to IBIS 2nd year of Tarmac College of Agriculture students studies. 2. To know the effects of computer Games to IBIS 2nd year of Tarmac college of Agriculture students health. 3. To know the reasons why IBIS 2nd year of Tarmac College of Agriculture students addicted to computer games. Time and Place The study will be conducted at the researchers room In IT b, Institute ofEngineering, Tarmac College of Agriculture, Canalling, Tarmac, from September to October. Scope and Delimitation's The study will be focus and limited only to the effects of computer games to IBIS 2nd year students of Tarmac College of Agr iculture. Computer Games are game played using a computer, typically a video game. Addiction the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity. Computer Games Addiction the condition of being addicted to computer games. Hypothesis Students suffer to their studies because of addiction of computer games. Computer Addiction Computer addiction, a loosely used term with Internet Addiction, or Video game addiction, is the excessive or compulsive use of computers to the extent that it interferes with daily life. This disorder may affect the following: social interaction, mood, personality, work ethic, relationships, thought process. It may also cause social disorders or possibly sleep deprivation. It is important to note that as of now, psychologists are not sure how to label this disorder. Many refer to it as Internet Addiction Disorder; however, computer addiction originated long before internet use is as common as it is today. In addition, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has yet to recognize this exact disorder, and are more likely to include a more specific term of addiction, such as Internet Addiction, or Video game addiction. Some people develop bad habits in their computer use that cause them significant problems in their lives. The types of behavior and negative consequences are similar to those of known addictive disorders; therefore, the term Computer or Internet Addiction has come into use. While anyone who uses a computer could be vulnerable, those people who are lonely, shy, easily bored, or suffering from another addiction or impulse control disorder as especially vulnerable to computer abuse. Computer abuse can result from people using it repeatedly as their main stress reliever, instead of having a variety of ways to cope with negative events and feelings. Other misuses can include procrastination from undesirable responsibilities, distraction from being upset, and attempts to meet needs for companionship and belonging.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

E-Learning Questionnaire

This proposal focuses on only e-learning in one developing country, Malaysia. For this study, e-learning is used at tertiary level. The overall purpose of the research is to investigate, analyse and discuss the effectiveness of technology in the education system – theoretically and pedagogically. Since there are not many empirical researches in developing countries about the effectiveness of using technology in the education system, perhaps this paper may be able to contribute some ideas and new insights into the field. Many assumptions have been made nation wide about the fact that technology helps in the process of teaching and learning. However, they are not proven and as such the need to have more independent study on the effectiveness of e-learning is high. Another research concludes that the performance of e-learning students is at least the same as face-to-face (FTF) learning students. This comes with the same consideration for pedagogical designs, delivery and also the right amount of sources. Thus, the governments and education stakeholders have to look again at the investments on e-learning; if e-learning gives the same results as FTF, then perhaps educators can just choose to explore new FTF strategies. -Learning: Concept and practice in Malaysia To be more specific on the practice of e-learning, there is not yet a 100% e-learning. It is always a blended e-learning; a mixed mode e-learning whereby a combination of e-learning and FTF learning are used together. The e-learning concept allows for more working people to further their studies as distance and time are no longer the barriers to education. There are four objectives of this tertiary e-learning in Malaysia. The first is to introduce new concept of learning at a higher level of education. Secondly, it introduces interactive and productive method of learning. The third objective is to ensure students study independently and lastly to allow for balanced education in Malaysia. Learning model in e-learning includes independent study, on-line interaction, self-evaluation and graded assignments sent on-line. This proposal intends to use pre/post tests, examination results, questionnaires and interview as the basis of data collection and measurement for the effectiveness of e-learning. These designs are chosen because they can give an indicator for the effectiveness of e-learning. Pre/post test results can give a surface value on the effectiveness of e-learning itself. Meanwhile, questionnaires and interviews can gauge students’ awareness and belief on e-learning as a new tool of learning. Research questions This proposal has four research questions. They are, 1. 2. 3. 4. How does e-learning help in the process of teaching and learning? What are the relations between students’ academic achievement and e-learning? What are the differences in students’ academic achievement before and after e-learning treatment? What are the relations between gender, socio-economic background, academic ability and e-learning? Conclusion As this is a proposal on the topic of effectiveness of e-learning, collecting and analysing secondary data are still in progress. Students or subjects for the research have been identified and preliminary preparation is being made to organise groups, classes and materials for the students. At the same time, questionnaires are being prepared and will soon be pilot tested. The pre/post tests are being finalised. It is hoped that this research can be completed within its time frame as the findings may be crucial to the education system in Malaysia.

Evaluation of Sources Essay

Published in 2010, Dick Weissman’s book Talkin’ ‘bout a Revolution: Music and Social Change in America focuses on music in America that dates back to the early 1900’s, but incorporating key facts about the music of the 1960s. Weissman goes in depth about the different musicians that had an impact during the 1960s, and also talks about how the history of America and music were interrelated. Weissman states specifically how and why historical events such as the Civil Rights Movement, the assassination of President Kennedy, and the rock and roll/hippie movement were all related to the changing music of the time. He paints a vivid picture with words that allow the reader to understand the underlying themes of the music, as well as showing the view of the people of the time. The only limitation of this source is that Weissman does not include actual accounts of people; he provides his own assumption of the change in musical trends of the time. David Shapiro, a rock journalist and drug counselor, wrote a book about the relation of drugs and music, Waiting For the Man: The Story of Drugs and Popular Music, which was published in 1988, and contained an overview of specific drugs and the bands that used them. David Shapiro was alive during the 1960s which allows him to portray his view and to show the mentality of the bands and people of the time. Shapiro’s writing with the use of public opinion includes a first-hand account of people and events during the 1960s. Even though the book lacks to incorporate the details of history were taking place, there is detailed description of the types of music that were evolving due to their association with narcotics.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Legalization of Stem Cell Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legalization of Stem Cell Research - Essay Example In the search for answers for diseases and conditions that are devastating people who would otherwise be thriving and active members of society, the research that is being done on stem cells is invaluable and must continue unhampered by laws based on unfounded suppositions. Robert Pederson, a top embryo scientist whose work had created innovations in discovery concerning embryonic research, left the University of California in order to take a position at the University of Cambridge in England as a result of a lack of support and funding for his research. Federal restrictions instituted under George W. Bush restrained the ability of scientists to further research on stem cells from embryonic resources. The isolation of these cells was found independently in November of 1998 both from research teams at John Hopkins University and from the University of Wisconsin. This discovery allowed for the advancement in knowledge in how a single cell could divide and create separate organs and tissue during fetal development (Paarlberg 45). However, due to a lack of basic understanding in the reproductive value of embryos, restrictions were placed on the research under the guise of the debate of the sanctity of life. The information that seems to be overlooked is that the embryos that are used in stem cell research were never going to be transferred into the womb (Magnus 35). Furthermore, throughout a woman’s lifetime there may be dozens of fertilized eggs that never implant and are naturally sloughed away. This means that embryos are not more than organic matter that is used or not used at the whim of nature. Fertilized embryos from a lab are much the same. They are disposed of if not implanted. Therefore, research using these disposed of cells can create valuable tools for cures of diseases like Parkinson’s, for regeneration of nerve and tissue, and for the development of powerful cancer fighting treatments. The central argument of

Monday, October 7, 2019

The Four Service Marketing Myths Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Four Service Marketing Myths - Essay Example The essay "The Four Service Marketing Myths" talks about the line between services marketing and goods marketing and depicts that both need various types of marketing strategies to be applied to them. Early marketing concepts are discussed and what views were for separating goods from services. Services marketing have their own divisions. Authors have made a line between services marketing and goods marketing and depict that both need various types of marketing strategies to be applied to them. The bottom line is that services should not be kept apart from goods, the definition of goods and services are being revamped. The myths of manufacturing based perspective from the marketing based perspective are being discussed in the case considering the four characteristics; intangibility, inseparability, heterogeneity, and perishability. The focus is towards investing their normative implications from a negative perspective towards a positive one. A more unified knowledge of exchange can b e formed without separating goods from services and only focus on the central role in the exchange. The different definitions given by the various authors in defining the goods and services separately have been discussed in the case on the basis of their tangibility and intangibility features in most cases. The end result that these definitions can be misleading because both goods and services are nested into each other and they don’t come up to be valid when dealing with the manufacturing and the marketing perspective.

Sunday, October 6, 2019

Compare the nature and impact of nationalism in India and in Essay

Compare the nature and impact of nationalism in India and in sub-Saharan Africa in the 20th century - Essay Example By the end of the nineteenth century many Indians began feeling that to instill a sense of pride in the nation; Indian history had to be thought about differently. â€Å"By the time of the early civilizations there was a certain amount of interregional trade linking, for example, parts of the Middle East to North Western India. Separateness, in sum, was not an absolute.† (Peter N., 2012) It seems to handle a lot of tension when an individual deals with the long early history of humans or mankind. On one hand, it is very much tempting to study in detailed version and to go in depth to find new discoveries, information about human evolution, important connections between the history of humankind, and the history of earth prior to its creation. While on the contrary, dealing with situations happened or occurred ages ago that are very different from patterns in the world today. â€Å"Fundamental transformation is easy to claim, but it is also abstract. Childhood provides a concrete example.† (Peter N., 2012) It is said that by the late 1870s, there was a new modern stage already set for the development and progress of Indian intellectual life. â€Å"Scientific work has steadily expanded what we know about early humans, from their starting point in East Africa to their migrations to almost every habitable part of the world by 25,000 B.C.E.† (Peter N., 2012) Furthermore, there is a lot of variation in the sub Saharan Africa explained with the help of existing theories of nationalism which were build on certain theories of ethnic identity and nationalism. However, the ethnic share and the ethnic dominance shows a pattern different to the expectation that nationalism is directly proportional to the population which means nationalism increases with size. Nationalism completed a variety of needs in different parts of the world and it had become a significant and powerful political force by the 1900. IMPACT OF NATIONALISM IN INDIA The growth of the Indian nationalism basically started in the nineteenth century. This process had brought political unification in India. Also, the country saw a decrease in social and economic system. India was not largely dominated by agriculture. However, â€Å"Early human activities and changes thus established key aspects of the framework in which global societies still function- including wide geographic distribution and the capacity to increase food supply through agriculture.† (Peter N., 2012) Hindu nationalism is a reaction to two other nationalisms. In imagination about India’s national identity is that there was always an idea present for the Hindu nationalism. Therefore, nationalism process began due to the modern trade, industry, and the increase in social classes. Indians, from the beginning, never liked the two centuries of British rule so they started to follow their own political ideas. IMPACT OF NATIONALISM ON SUB SAHARAN AFRICA The south of the Africa was captured by the Europeans in the late nineteenth c entury. Initially, nationalism gained strength in that region after the Second World War and then, independence was achieved during the 1950s to the early 1970s. However, the newly independent Africa had issues with the political institutions as well as economic development. Furthermore, it did not have any proper cultural identity. However, the sub Saharan Africa relied on its

Saturday, October 5, 2019

Critically evaluate how the recession has affected Natwest's Essay

Critically evaluate how the recession has affected Natwest's motivational methods - Essay Example Motivation theories such as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Herzberg’s dichotomy of hygiene factors and motivating factors, McGregor’s theory ‘X’ and theory ‘Y’ people, Edgar Schein’s assumptions based approach, Tailor’s scientific management approach, Elton Mayo’s theory, Adams equity theory and Vroom’s expectancy theory have been in used for long time. These models propose circumstances under which employees will be internally motivated to do their tasks effectively according to Hackman and Oldham (1976). However practical situations in the organizational setting can be an admixture of some or all of these theories. There was a time when employees were assumed as only another input into the process of manufacturing of goods and services. According to Lindner (1998) what probably changed this notion was research, known as the Hawthorne Studies, performed by Elton Mayo in between 1924 to 1932. Maslow (1998) used a pyramidal hierarchical structure to depict the needs of employees at the work place. According to him self-actualization occupies the top-most rung in the hierarchy of needs. Secondly self-esteem needs come as of importance. Thirdly needs of love and affection come and fourthly safety related needs are of importance to the employee. Finally at the base of the pyramid there are those physiological needs. Individual employees who are more likely to need self-actualization benefits would display some individual characteristics. For example acceptance and realism are associated with such employees. This is due to the fact that such employees regard themselves as more realistic and accordingly adjust themselves to the work environment with a degree of ease. Secondly their problem solving behavior endears them to many higher officials outside their own work environment. Their motivation basically comes from a

Friday, October 4, 2019

The Power of Ideas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Power of Ideas - Essay Example This resulted in Hegel's theories, as well as the deeper focus on existentialism and phenomenology. Hegel's idealism, also known as Absolute Idealism, has severely affected society at large. The primary reason for this is because Hegel's work developed the framework for both Marxism and Darwin's Evolutionary Theory. Hegel's notions start with the idea that knowledge does not have the ability to explain itself; therefore human beings must trust their senses to understand knowledge. The mind also comes into play here, because the mind processes all senses, and thus becomes the primary focus of knowledge. Hegel believed that humans must contradict themselves in order to form a new way of thinking. To further explain this, Hegel burrowed the idea of the Absolute Ego from Fichte and renamed it the Absolute Spirit; to Hegel this meant that the earth cannot be measured based on personality. Hegel heavily believed in Pantheism and attributed this to the absolute spirit; basically, Hegel believed that God was in everything. This belief is a reflection of a Romantic view, and was a movement in the 19th century in direct result of the Industrial Revolution occurring in Europe (Hegel 1991). ... First, existentialist ideas will be discussed. Many of these themes were introduced by Arthur Schopenhauer, Soren Kierkegaard, and Friedrich Nietzsche. Existentialism believed that philosophy focuses on the individual, and that individual's interactions with the world. For example, Nietzche, a Continental philosopher, did not agree with Hegel's concept of idealism. Nietzche firmly felt the world is controlled by will-to-power. Furthermore, Nietzche also disagreed with Hegel on the concept of absolute truth; Nietzche did not believe in an absolute truth, he felt that everything was open to one's own interpretation. This is far different from Hegel's notion that the individual must look inward, to the self. Another concept promoted by existentialism that conflicts with Hegel's notions is the existentialist idea that the world itself is an absurd place, and there is no description for why the world acts in this way. Furthermore, existentialists believe that this inability for humans to understand why the world is chaotic causes self doubt, and therefore individuals have to decide how to live and progress in this type of chaotic world. Hegel, being a pantheist, would have seen some order in the world, as reflected in the idea that God is in everything. He would not have agreed with the concepts of a chaotic world causing self doubt. Hegel did not accept the existentialist concept of the "thing-in-itself." He believed that reality was a reflection of thought and rational. Thus, reality was not a collection of separate specifics; instead, it functioned like an articulate system of thinking, like mathematics; forming one large whole which pieces are all connected. Where Hegel was abstract to

Thursday, October 3, 2019

Geoffrey Chaucer’s the Wife of Bath Essay Example for Free

Geoffrey Chaucer’s the Wife of Bath Essay â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale explore many aspects of patriarchy – and sometimes reveal surprising attitudes within the tale and prologue.† Discuss. Geoffrey Chaucer’s the Wife of Bath is a text which is interwoven with references to Patriarchy and unanticipated attitudes towards the social backdrop in which it was created. Written in a period where males dominated the hierarchy, Chaucer through the Wife portrays the reversal of traditional roles, and a sense of rebellion and feministic instincts which at the time appeared extraordinary: â€Å"His poetic sensibility, combined with an immense understanding about men and women, enabled him to survey the life about him with such imaginative insight and power. † (Bennet 74) Throughout the Canterbury Tales, Chaucer speaks with remarkable authority on a huge range of subjects. This is perhaps made possible by the assortment of characters from all areas of society which travel on the pilgrimage. Alisoun’s character is perhaps best encapsulated in the manner of her entrance to the Tales. Clothed in the finest garments, her â€Å"hosen weven of fyn scarlet need†, well-travelled and â€Å"carteyn so wroth†, the Wife: â€Å"Strides into the Canterbury Tales on a large horse, spurs jangling, and ready to assert herself in a company made up almost entirely of men†¦ She is a medieval housewife who is not just going to star in a story, she is going to tell it.† (Reading the Wife’s Prologue and Tale) A far cry from the meek and submissive maidens so often portrayed in classic literature and fables prior to this; the Wife is independent, liberated and outspoken. The Wifes’ relationship to the men in her life is often one of total domination and manipulation. She enjoys â€Å"maistyre† over her male counterparts: Unne the mught they the statut holde In which that they were bounden un to me Ye woot wel what I mean of this, pardee! As help me God, I laughe whan I thynke How piteously a- nyght I made hem swynke. The Wife governs many aspects of her husbands’ lives, and rules with special sovereignty in the bedroom. Her sexual powers are and obvious source of seduction and control over her lovers. Very much a humanistic text, the Canterbury Tales constantly remind the reader of the complexity of the human character. One example of this could be the Knight, the embodiment of â€Å"chivalrye, Trouthe and honour, freedom and curteisye† in the hierarchy of society at the time. At first he appears to fit the specification perfectly. The however subtle passing motion which slightly removes the Knight from this brave and righteous tradition is left with us when he is described as â€Å"meke as a mayde†. Chaucer understood the depth of personality in each individual, and that a stereotype is never applicable. His characters almost always only very nearly fit the stereotype, and leave us scope to remain unconvinced about the rest. This refusal to comply with what many would describe as the one dimensional and traditional Fairytale characters allows for the issues of patriarchy to be discusses liberally. Interestingly, even at points of text which reflect a relaxed and conversational tone, the Wife constantly feels the requirement to reemphasise and argue her point with references to astrology and biblical references. These biblical references however are often contorted to suit the Wife’s requirement in the argument. For example the term from Genesis 1:22,28 â€Å"Go forth and multiply† is used as an excuse for the remarriage of the wife. This control and knowledge of the Church’s text represent a disregard to Patriarchal structures at many levels. The male governed Church, with its male oriented texts and belief systems for the Wife especially represent the oppression of men. For Alisoun the structures of literature, religion and authority are connected in that they represent male dominance. The Wife of Bath however cannot be totally classified as a pro feminist character. At many levels her dishonest, manipulative nature reinforces the common negative conceptions of anti- feminism at the time. Hansen (cited in Beidler) claims that this anti-feminist discourse mentioned above is less of a product of archness towards patriarchal literature. â€Å"Instead she is trapped in a ‘prison house’ of anti-feminist discourse. She is unable to see that her tactics simply reinforce all the stereotypical Medival ideas about women as cruel, emotional, and sexually voracious. Chaucer therefore is seen as reinforcing antifeminist views rather than undermining them.† Alisoun provides a vessal through which thousands of years of antifeminist literature are regurgitated with a revised purpose and tone of archness. One example of this method comes in Alisoun’s first words to the group, a repeat of earlier rhetoric (Awkroyd): Expeience, though no autoritee, Were in this world, is right ynogh for me To speak of woe that is in marriage. Peter Awkroyd (2005) believes that Chaucer â€Å"uses much of the antifeminist literature of the period but, by placing it in the Wife’s capacious mouth, he lends it a new and ironic lease of life.† The Wife’s five marriages on the outset portray a sense of calculated systematic marrying for the advancement of wealth and power. However, it could be argued that Alison was more than simply a ruthless professional. There are arguments that the fourth, and especially the fifth husband Jenkin, captured her love and stood in more than equal stead with their spouse: â€Å"That al myn herte I yaf unto his hold/ He was, I trowe, a twenty winter oold, and I was fourty.† Although the true love described by Chaucer at first appears conformal to the description of traditional literature, as often the case in the Tales, there is a cause for disease. In this case the context in which the romance begins, the burial ceremony of husband number four, Alisoun covets the younger page boy and her future husband. In Jankin, Alisoun finds a man to which she is willing to submit. Cruel, abusive, manipulative this husband domineers the relationship, physically, emotionally and sexually. At this stage the once immovable opposition to patriarchy admits that he partner â€Å"so well koude he me glose†. Furthermore the Wife admits that it is this form of denial and subornation in a relationship which causes women to crave what they cannot have: â€Å"wait what†¦crave† The dictatorship of Jenkin is further developed by Minnis, who claims Jenkin: â€Å"read aloud to her (translating from his anthology of antifeminist texts – It could be said then that she has learned at home, from her husband – how acquiescent and submissive can one get?† (Minnis 249) The Wife of Bath’s Tale and Prologue, as a text which attempts to examine Patriarchy, the attitudes portrayed are purposely less definable. Often categorised as either a feminist or anti- feminist text, The Wife of Bath is a complex mixture between the two. Chaucer, as always does not provide specific or obvious attitudes to these hierarchies and relationships. Instead, like his characters he provides us with an insightful cross- section of the Patriarchal society in which he existed. Reference List Awkroyd, Peter. ‘The Tales of Canterbury.’ Chaucer. London: Vintage, 2005. 150 – 53. Beidler, Peter G. Geoffrey Chaucer: The Wife of Bath. New York: Bedford Books, 1996. Bennet, H.S. ‘Chaucer.’ Oxford History of English Literature: Chaucer and the Fifteenth Century. Ed. F.P Wilson and Bonamy Dobrà ©e. London: Oxford, 1947. 74 – 75. Minnis, Alastair. ‘Chapter 4 Gender as Fallibility.’ Fallible Authors: Chaucer’s Pardonerand Wife of Bath. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. 249. ‘Reading the Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale.’ York Notes Advanced: The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale. London: Longman, 1998. 3 – 10.